Ibisobanuro ku nkingi ya Zakat
Zakat cyangwa Zakatul Maal ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zigize ubusilamu, nyuma y’ubuhamya bubiri (Guhamya Imana n’intumwa yayo) n’amasengesho (Swalat), ikaba ari inkingi ya gatatu mu nkingi z’ubusilamu.
Zakat ni itegeko kuri buri musilamu wigenga, umukuru n’umuto, igitsina gabo cyangwa igitsina gore, kuwatokowe mu bwenge cyangwa umusazi, iyo umutungo we uriho ugaragara kandi ugejeje ku gipimo fatizo (NISWABU) hagashira umwaka.
Zakatul Mal ni igeno ry’itegeko ritangwa rivanwa mu mutungo bwite w’umuntu, rihabwa abantu runaka, mu gihe runaka, iyo wujuje igipimo fatizo.
Itegeko rya Zakat (Amaturo) ryahishuriwe i Makka, ariko igipimo cyaryo n’ingano, ibisobanuro birambuye ku mitungo itangwaho Zakat n’aho itangirwa, byahishuriwe i Madina nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2) intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yimutse.
Intego nyamukuru mu gufata amaturo no kuyakira, ntabwo ari ukurundanya imitungo no kuyiha abakene n’abatishoboye gusa, ahubwo impamvu nyirizina, ni uguha agaciro umuntu kurusha umutungo, no kugira ngo umuntu abe shebuja w’umutungo aho kuba umugaragu wawo, ninaho ijambo Zakat rikomoka (kweza cyangwa gusukura) ni uko uwo mutungo utanzwe (Zakat) weza roho y’uwutanze ukayisukura ibyaha n’uwuhawe akanezerwa.
Nubwo mubigaragara, Zakat ari ugukora mu mutungo umuntu afite, agakuramo rya geno bikaboneka ko ugabanutse, ariko muby’ukuri ntuba ugabanutse, kuko ibyiza by’icyo gikorwa (Zakat) bitwereka ibi bikurikira:
- Umutungo usigaye, Imana iwushyiramo imigisha;
- Umutima w’utanga uraguka, imani (ukwemera) ikiyongera, akarushaho kugira imico myiza no kugwaneza;
- Zakat ni igikorwa cyo gutanga no kwakira; ni ugutangira roho yawe ibyo ikunda (umutungo) ku ngurane y’ibyo ukunda bibiruta aribyo;
- Gushimisha Nyagasani Imana yawe;
- Gutsindira ijuru ry’Imana – Gahunda nyayo y’umutungo muri Islamu, ishingiye ku kwemera ko Imana ari imwe itagira icyo ibangikanywa nacyo mu kuyisenga, kandi ukemera ko ubutunzi bwose ari ubwayo, akaba ari nayo mpamvu twemera ko Imana ariyo ifite uburenganzira bwo kugena uburyo bwo gutunga no kugena amabwiriza yo gutanga;
- Amaturo (Zakat) ahesha nyir’ukuyatanga amahirwe yo kubabarirwa ibyaha bye, akaba ariyo mpamvu yo kubona ijuru ry’Imana no kuzarokoka umuriro wa DJAHANAMA;
- Imana yategetse gutanga Zakat, ishishikariza kuyitanga kubera ibyiza byayo mu kweza roho iyivana mu mwanda w’ubugugu no kugundira, ikaba ikiraro gihuza abakire n’abakene, roho zabo zigacya, imitima igaterera, maze umutekano, urukundo n’ubuvandimwe bose bakabigira intego;
- Amaturo (Zakat) yongera umusaruro w’ibyiza bya nyir’ukuyatanga, kandi atuma umutungo utangirika, agatuma wiyongera, agakemura ibibazo by’abakene n’abashonji kandi agatuma Imana irinda umutungo wuyitanga kwibwa, gushya, gusahurwa n’ibindi.
Uko babara Zakat
Zakat ibarwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’ibyo ukora ndetse n’ubwoko bw’umutungo ufite. Twabagira inama yo kwiga birambuye uciye ku rubuga rwa eDarsa. Amasomo akoze kuburyo ubasha gusobanukirwa bitewe n’igice uherereyemo. Dore bimwe mu bice bisobanurwa:
- Zakat ya Zahabu na Feza;
- Zakat y’amafaranga;
- Zakat y’ibicuruzwa;
- Zakat y’ibihingwa;
- Zakat y’amatungo;
- Zakat y’ubuki;
- Zakat ya Sosiyete na za Koperative;
- Zakat y’inganda;
- Zakat y’imishahara.